Extraction to separate benzene derivatives
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- Extraction to separate benzene derivatives
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Extraction to separate benzene derivatives
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[post_date] => 2025-01-14 05:41:53
[post_date_gmt] => 2025-01-14 10:41:53
[post_content] => Practice Passage (Question 1-4)
*This passage is the property of Khan Academy and has been reformatted into an AAMC-style interface in their entirety by MedLife Mastery. MedLife Mastery does not endorse and is not an affiliate of Khan Academy.
In an experiment for undergraduate chemistry students, 4-chlorobenzoic acid and 4-bromoaniline may be separated through extraction with the addition of H2O, diethyl ether, and NaOH in the appropriate order. Initially, 4-bromoaniline and 4-chlorobenzoic acid were dissolved in ether. A second reagent was added, and after mixing the reagents and allowing the layers to separate, two layers were observed: Layer A and Layer B. The two layers were separated from one another and hydrochloric acid was added in order to recover 4-chlorobenzoic acid from Layer B. Finally, anhydrous magnesium sulfate was used as a drying agent.
The densities and boiling points of these reagents were measured and are listed in the following table.
[post_title] => Extraction to separate benzene derivatives
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[question] => If water and ether are in the extraction, water will be:
[value] => Array
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[answer] => 2
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Look up the densities of ether and water in the table.
Denser liquids sink below less dense liquids.
Water will be below the ether layer because it is denser.
)
[answers] => Array
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A.on top of the ether layer because it is denser
)
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[each_answer] => B.below the ether layer because it is denser
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[each_answer] => C.below the ether layer because it is less dense
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[each_answer] => D.on top of the ether layer because it is less dense
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[question] => To separate the two compounds into layers A and B, which reagent could have been added to the mixture of 4-bromoaniline and 4-chlorobenzoic acid in ether?
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[answer] => 1
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
The two layers that are usually present in an extraction are the aqueous layer and the organic layer.
The aqueous layer contains charged species and compounds that are water-soluble. The organic layer contains neutral species and organic solvents.
Sodium hydroxide would deprotonate 4-chlorobenzoic acid, causing it to move into the aqueous layer. It would not react with 4-bromoaniline, which would remain in the organic layer.
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[answers] => Array
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[each_answer] => A.sodium hydroxide
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[each_answer] => B.nitric acid
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[each_answer] => C.hydrochloric acid
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[3] => Array
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[each_answer] => D.hexanes
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[quiz_unique_key] => 83407773
[question] => Based on the table given in the passage, what technique aside from extraction could be used to separate 4-bromoaniline and 4-chlorobenzoic acid?
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[answer] => 2
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Column chromatography separates compounds based on polarities. Gas chromatography separates compounds based on boiling points. Thin-layer chromatography is an analytical tool that separates compounds based on polarity. Size-exclusion chromatography separates compounds based on size.
4-bromoaniline and 4-chlorobenzoic acid have widely different boiling points.
Since 4-bromoaniline and 4-chlorobenzoic acid have very different boiling points, they could be separated using gas chromatography.
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[answers] => Array
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A.column chromatography
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[each_answer] => B.gas chromatography
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[each_answer] => C.thin-layer chromatography
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[each_answer] => D.size-exclusion chromatography
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[quiz_unique_key] => 2377279144
[question] => Which of these compounds could be found in the aqueous layer?
[value] => Array
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[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
The aqueous layer contains charged species and compounds that are water-soluble.
The organic layer contains neutral species and organic solvents.
4-chlorobenzoate has a negative charge and would be soluble in water.
)
[answers] => Array
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A.4-chlorobenzoic acid
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[each_answer] => B.diethyl ether
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[each_answer] => C.4-chlorobenzoate
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[each_answer] => D.4-bromoaniline
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