Film adaptation of Chinese literature
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Film adaptation of Chinese literature
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[ID] => 559891
[post_author] => 12815
[post_date] => 2025-01-07 06:22:05
[post_date_gmt] => 2025-01-07 11:22:05
[post_content] => Practice Passage (Question 1-6)
*This passage is the property of Khan Academy and has been reformatted into an AAMC-style interface in their entirety by MedLife Mastery. MedLife Mastery does not endorse and is not an affiliate of Khan Academy.
Disaster risk is expressed in terms of potential loss of lives, deterioration of health status and livelihoods, and potential damage to assets and services due to the impact of existing natural hazards. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing, and reducing disaster risk, and it helps minimize the vulnerability of a society or community. It also prevents or mitigates the adverse effects of natural disasters, facilitating a sustainable development process. The Second World Conference on Disaster Reduction was held in Kobe (Hyogo), Japan in January 2005, which adopted the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. It has provided a unique opportunity to promote a strategic and systematic approach to reducing vulnerabilities and risks. HFA states that all countries must use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels. Moreover, it suggests that disasters can be reduced substantially if people are well informed and motivated about measures they can take to reduce vulnerability.
Poverty drives people to live in high risk marginal areas of mountains and river valleys, which makes them vulnerable to disasters. Heavy disaster losses suffered from earthquakes and tsunamis or landslides and floods create additional poverty among a large number of people by destroying their houses, productive lands, other personal assets, and livelihood. Hence, poverty is both cause and consequence of disasters in underdeveloped or developing countries. DRR is particularly important for sustaining the attainment of all development goals, since it provides a safety net for the hard-earned development gains of a developing country. In Nepal, it is a great challenge to protect infrastructure and public and individual properties from frequent landslide, flood, and earthquake disasters. Each year hundreds of people are killed and a large amount of public and private properties are destroyed in landslide, flood, fire, and avalanche disasters. Each large-scale disaster sets the country back several years in terms of the development efforts. When scarce resources such as time, energy, expertise, and funding are suddenly diverted in relief and recovery work, the overall development activities are delayed significantly.
The disaster statistics of Nepal always motivate and justify the urgent need of DRR works in Nepal. Therefore, Nepal has also adopted HFA and so far the Government of Nepal has formally adopted policies guided by DRR and implemented the DRR in its various development as well as education programs. In Nepal, the World Disaster Reduction Campaign for 2006-2007 was initiated and many programs such as school curricula for disaster risk education, community based disaster management at the village level, disaster mitigation plans at the district level etc. have been implemented. Similarly, raising awareness within school communities is a well implemented program in the schools of Nepal. This awareness activity includes training of teachers, organizing disaster quiz competitions among schools and local youth clubs, school contests on disaster risk reduction knowledge, campaigning for disaster safety in communities, and turning school students into catalysts and initiators in many more community based disaster awareness activities.
[post_title] => Film adaptation of Chinese literature
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[post_status] => publish
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[post_modified] => 2025-01-07 06:22:47
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[questions] => Array
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[0] => Array
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[quiz_unique_key] => 578908434
[question] => Which of the following best captures the attitude of the author in regards to addressing the natural disaster problems in Nepal
[value] => Array
(
[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
This is a “Foundations of Comprehension” question which is asking you to recognize an accurate paraphrase or summary of the central theme or of particular statements in the passage, or to interpret word choices made by the author.
In paragraph 4, the author notes that Nepal might benefit from implementing some of the strategic approaches developed by the international community. The author conveys a positive tone and sense of hope (option 3) when describing the various educational programs that have been implemented in the country as “well implemented” and suggesting that they are “raising awareness within school communities”. The author does not display any negative evaluations such as skepticism or frustration (options 1 and 2) with what Nepal is doing. The author displays strong concern with the serious negative impact of disasters and the need to prevent them, thus the tone is not apathetic (option 4).
Option 3 is correct.
)
[answers] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[each_answer] => A. skeptical
)
[1] => Array
(
[each_answer] => B. frustrated
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[2] => Array
(
[each_answer] => C. optimistic
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[3] => Array
(
[each_answer] => D. apathetic
)
)
)
[1] => Array
(
[quiz_unique_key] => 3873426850
[question] => Which of the following would most strengthen the author’s argument that DRR is justified in Nepal?
[value] => Array
(
[answer] => 4
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
This is a “Reasoning Beyond the Text” question, which means that it wants you to either apply or extrapolate the ideas in the passage to new situations or to assess how new information would impact the ideas presented in the passage. It is important to understand the assumptions underlying the article, and how new information may or may not shift the central thesis.
The author never offers the reader any concrete data to suggest that public education about natural disaster prevention has any meaningful impact. Thus, additional data would greatly help to bolster the author’s argument. The international community’s willingness to fund disaster relief education (option 1) doesn’t have anything to do with whether or not DRR is a good strategy. The author already gives the reader examples of the types of programs implemented in paragraph 4 (option 2), so additional examples would not be the best option to strengthen the argument. Alternative points of view (option 3) may put DRRs into context, but these points of view would not necessarily strengthen the author’s argument; hard data demonstrating the effectiveness of DRR would be far more convincing (option 4).
Option 4 is correct.
)
[answers] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[each_answer] => A. Evidence that the international community would fund the effort.
)
[1] => Array
(
[each_answer] => B. Examples of the types of programs that would be implemented.
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[2] => Array
(
[each_answer] => C. Alternate points of view on alternative strategies.
)
[3] => Array
(
[each_answer] => D. Data showing the effectiveness of such programs elsewhere.
)
)
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[2] => Array
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[quiz_unique_key] => 83407773
[question] => Which of the following claims made in the text is potentially inconsistent with another claim made in paragraph 2?
[value] => Array
(
[answer] => 2
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
This is a “Reasoning Within the Text” question. These items generally ask you to think about the author’s reasoning, such as what claim an author is trying to support with a piece of evidence, what assumption underlies a specific statement, or whether an argument is flawed.
The first sentence in paragraph 2 states that “Poverty drives people to live in high risk marginal areas of mountains and river valleys, which makes them vulnerable to disasters.” This implies that poor people have little choice and are forced by need to live in high risk areas. Thus, without addressing their poverty, simply being “informed” and “motivated” would do little allow these people to reduce their vulnerability (option 2). The other options (1, 3, and 4) are not inconsistent with anything in paragraph 2 or any other part of the text.
Option 2 is correct.
)
[answers] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[each_answer] => A. Nepal in the Himalayan region is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world.
)
[1] => Array
(
[each_answer] => B. Disasters can be reduced substantially if people are well informed and motivated about measures they can take to reduce vulnerability.
)
[2] => Array
(
[each_answer] => C. Each large-scale disaster sets the country back several years in terms of the development efforts.
)
[3] => Array
(
[each_answer] => D. Raising awareness within school communities is a well implemented program in the schools of Nepal.
)
)
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[3] => Array
(
[quiz_unique_key] => 872728905
[question] => Which of the following statements best represents the overall message of the passage?
[value] => Array
(
[answer] => 2
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
This is a “Foundations of Comprehension” question which is asking you to recognize an accurate paraphrase or summary of the central theme or of particular statements in the passage, or to interpret word choices made by the author.
The third paragraph mentions the role that poverty plays in the aftermath of natural disasters in Nepal, but this is only a single aspect of the issue (option 1). The second paragraph describes the geography and environmental characteristics of Nepal, as well as the particular types of natural disasters that typically occur in the region. Again, this is only one aspect of the passage, and would not constitute the central message (option 3). Paragraph 1 discusses the HFA and the various strategies that have been developed on a global scale to address natural disasters. However, the HFA is not the only strategic approach discussed in the passage, so it probably would not represent the central message (option 4), which discusses multiple approaches to dealing with natural disasters (option 2).
Option 2 is correct.
)
[answers] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[each_answer] => A. Nepal’s slow economic development can be explained by the frequent occurrence of natural disasters.
)
[1] => Array
(
[each_answer] => B. There are strategic approaches that have been developed and may be used to help Nepal deal with its frequent natural disasters.
)
[2] => Array
(
[each_answer] => C. There are many different types of natural disasters that occur in Nepal, such as landslides, debris flows, floods, earthquakes, and snow avalanches.
)
[3] => Array
(
[each_answer] => D. The HFA has provided a unique opportunity to promote strategic and systematic approaches to reducing natural disaster vulnerabilities and risks in Nepal.
)
)
)
[4] => Array
(
[quiz_unique_key] => 3143847772
[question] => Assume that recent data demonstrate that since 2006, the degree of devastation caused by natural disasters in Nepal has not improved at all. This information would:
[value] => Array
(
[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
This is a “Reasoning Beyond the Text” question, which means that it wants you to either apply or extrapolate the ideas in the passage to new situations or to assess how new information would impact the ideas presented in the passage. It is important to understand the assumptions underlying the article, and how new information may or may not shift the central thesis.
It is important to consider that the passage focuses on disaster preparedness and prevention in general, not simply on whether Nepal has a need, making the options that focus on Nepal’s need (options 1 and 2) less relevant. The scenario provided does not mention changes in poverty (option 4). The author claims in paragraph 1 that Disaster Relief Reduction (DRR) is an effective strategy for mitigating the devastation of natural disasters. The author mentions the various programs implemented in Nepal, in paragraph 4, as a measure that help address the natural disaster problem faced by the country. The World Disaster Reduction Campaign was initiated in 2006, and yet the question poses that there has been no meaningful difference in the extent of devastation. This would weaken the author’s argument that such strategic and systematic approaches are justified and effective.
Option 3 is correct.
)
[answers] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[each_answer] => A. strengthen the passage because the author’s statement about Nepal being disaster prone would be correct.
)
[1] => Array
(
[each_answer] => B. strengthen the argument that Nepal has a need for strategic approaches to natural disaster prevention.
)
[2] => Array
(
[each_answer] => C. weaken the passage because DRR has been implemented in Nepal since 2006 with no change in the extent of damage post-disaster.
)
[3] => Array
(
[each_answer] => D. weaken the argument that poverty causes disasters.
)
)
)
[5] => Array
(
[quiz_unique_key] => 3143847772
[question] => What is a weakness in the argument the author makes to support their conclusion about the relation of poverty to disasters?
[value] => Array
(
[answer] => 2
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
This is a “Reasoning Within the Text” question. These items generally ask you to think about the author’s reasoning, such as what claim an author is trying to support with a piece of evidence, what assumption underlies a specific statement, or whether an argument is flawed.
If you read back through the excerpt you can see that the author does consider the issues mentioned in options 1, 3, and 4. Answering this question requires noticing that although all prior sentences are concerned only with Nepal, in the final conclusion the author makes a general statement about the causal relation between poverty and disasters for “underdeveloped countries.” The author is assuming whatever is true of Nepal would generalize to other underdeveloped countries. Thus, option 2 correctly identifies a weakness in the reasoning within the text.
Option 2 is correct.
)
[answers] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[each_answer] => A. The author fails to explain how people are affected by disasters.
)
[1] => Array
(
[each_answer] => B. The author assumes that the situation in Nepal will generalize to all underdeveloped countries.
)
[2] => Array
(
[each_answer] => C. The author fails to consider the role of poverty in causing disasters.
)
[3] => Array
(
[each_answer] => D. The author fails to consider the role that disasters play in causing poverty.
)
)
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[559891|1] => C
[559891|2] => D
[559891|3] => B
[559891|4] => B
[559891|5] => C
[559891|6] => B
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