Antisocial personality disorder and inkblot tests
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Antisocial personality disorder and inkblot tests
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[post_date] => 2024-12-26 19:27:09
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[post_content] => Practice Passage (Question 1-5)
*This passage is the property of Khan Academy and has been reformatted into an AAMC-style interface in their entirety by MedLife Mastery. MedLife Mastery does not endorse and is not an affiliate of Khan Academy.
Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by ego-centric behavior that fails to take into account the feelings or rights of others, and is typically associated with unethical, manipulative, and impulsive actions. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder are frequently hostile and aggressive towards others, and fail to exhibit any remorse or concern after those actions hurt another person. Throughout history, sadists and serial murderers have been linked with antisocial personality disorder, but not everyone who has it exhibits overt violent behavior. Instead, they typically act in ways that are more quietly damaging – they may be bullies at work, blame others for their failures, or fail to follow through on agreements.
A psychologist is interested in learning more about the personality characteristics of individuals with antisocial personality disorder. She recruits 50 adults to her study (25 with the disorder; 25 with no history of a personality disorder), and administers a personality test to each participant. The assessment is an inkblot test; participants are shown two inkblots and are asked to report what they see in the picture. The psychologist believes that individuals with subconscious issues related to violence or control will report seeing something violent or disturbing, whereas individuals who are mentally healthy will report seeing something innocuous. The psychologist notes the two most common responses to the inkblot, as well as the number of participants who gave that response; this information is outlined in Table 1.
Table 1
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[question] => What type of personality assessment is an inkblot test?
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[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
A phrenology-based test would use the shape of the skull to identify characteristics related to personality.
An objective personality test measures specific personality characteristics based on a set of discrete options.
Projective personality tests require the participant to respond, and then their response is assessed for meaning. These tests are believed to access subconscious elements of a person’s psyche.
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[answers] => Array
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A. It is an objective personality test.
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[each_answer] => B. It is an empirical personality test.
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[each_answer] => C. It is a projective personality test.
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[each_answer] => D. It is a phrenology based personality test
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[1] => Array
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[quiz_unique_key] => 3873426850
[question] => There is some evidence of a positive correlation between parental abuse sustained during early childhood and characteristics of antisocial personality disorder. Which personality theory would best support this?
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[answer] => 4
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Humanistic theories of personality development focus on development of strengths and skills.
Behavioral theories of personality focus on the reinforcement of behaviors during childhood; abuse is not a reinforcer.
Psychoanalytic theories focus on the influence of parents in a child’s life. From this perspective, if a child is exposed to trauma, they are more likely to experience psychological disturbances later in life.
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A. Trait theory
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[each_answer] => B. Behavioral theory
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[each_answer] => C. Humanistic theory
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[each_answer] => D. Psychoanalytic theory
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[2] => Array
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[quiz_unique_key] => 2261298308
[question] => What part of the brain regulates the ability to make morally and socially acceptable decisions?
[value] => Array
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[answer] => 2
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Damage to the hippocampus is typically associated with impairments in memory.
Damage to the amygdala is typically associated with a malfunctioning limbic system, which could manifest as violent behavior.
Damage to the prefrontal cortex is typically associated with the inability to make morally and socially acceptable decisions.
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[each_answer] => A. Hippocampus
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[each_answer] => B. Prefrontal cortex
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[each_answer] => C. Parietal lobe
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[each_answer] => D. Amygdala
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[quiz_unique_key] => 2377279144
[question] => Imagine that antisocial personality disorder has a significant negative correlation with depression. A person with severe depression examines Inkblot A. Based on the information from the passage and in Table 1, which of the following is most likely to be this person’s response?
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[answer] => 1
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
A negative correlation means that as one characteristic increases, the other decreases.
In this case, higher levels of antisocial personality disorder would be associated with lower levels of depression.
Conversely, severe depression would be associated with low levels of antisocial personality disorder.
Therefore, the response of the individual with severe depression would probably be similar to the individuals without personality disorders from this study.
For inkblot A, the most common response was “butterfly” – therefore, the person with severe depression is most likely to say “butterfly.”
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[each_answer] => A. Butterfly
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[each_answer] => C. Bird
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[each_answer] => D. Mask
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[question] => Questions about the causes of antisocial personality disorder are related to which of the following terms?
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[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Pathology is related to development of symptoms and progression of disease.
Epidemiology is related to incidence of disease.
Etiology is related to causes of disease.
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[each_answer] => A. Prognosis
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[each_answer] => C. Etiology
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[each_answer] => D. Pathology
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