Effects of sleep deprivation on memory
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Effects of sleep deprivation on memory
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[post_date] => 2024-12-26 11:07:39
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[post_content] => Practice Passage (Question 1-5)
*This passage is the property of Khan Academy and has been reformatted into an AAMC-style interface in their entirety by MedLife Mastery. MedLife Mastery does not endorse and is not an affiliate of Khan Academy.
Sleep deprivation is a serious issue for many adults, and can have profound effects on executive functioning and cognitive performance. An experimenter wants to specifically study the effect of sleep deprivation on memory and designs two different experiments to do so. In Experiment 1, he brings college students into the lab in the evening and has them study a passage. Half of the participants are then randomly selected to sleep in a quiet, dark room for 8 hours. The other half stays up all night reading, watching TV, and playing games. The following morning, the experimenter tests all the participants on their memory for the passage. Table 1 outlines how many idea units (out of 40) from the passage each group was able to recall and how long (in minutes) it took them to take the test.
In Experiment 2, the experimenter replicates the study, but only allows participants in the Sleep Group to sleep for 20 minutes, while Awake Group engages in light meditation for 20 minutes. The results from experiment 2 are also found in Table 1.
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[question] => Based on Experiment 1, the experimenter concludes that sleep is important for memory. What is a potential alternative explanation for the current results?
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[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Alternative explanations usually arise because of potential confounds, or systematic variations between groups.
Because the participants were randomly assigned to groups, significant overall memory differences are unlikely
The Awake Group engaged in 8 hours of other activities, while the Sleep Group did not; thus, it is possible that the Awake Group is experiencing interference from some of those activities.
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[each_answer] => A. The Sleep Group experienced less interference than the Awake Group
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[each_answer] => B. People in the Sleep Group had a better memory overall than people in the Awake Group
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[each_answer] => C. The Awake Group had the same memory, but a slower reaction time because they were tired
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[each_answer] => D. There is nothing in this study to suggest an alternative explanation
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[1] => Array
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[quiz_unique_key] => 3873426850
[question] => Based on the Test Time results from Experiment 1, which of the following is the most likely conclusion?
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[answer] => 2
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
In the Experiment 1 row, Test Time was longer for the Sleep group than the Awake group
There is no evidence to support that sleeping would cause people to write more slowly
Given the combination of longer Test Time and higher recall, the Sleep group probably took longer because they were writing more information
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A. Sleeping causes people to output information more slowly on a free recall test
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[each_answer] => B. The Sleep group took longer because they wrote more information
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[each_answer] => C. The Awake group took slightly longer because they were more alert
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[each_answer] => D. Test Time does not vary as a function of condition
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[quiz_unique_key] => 2261298308
[question] => If the experimenter wanted to allow the Sleep Group enough time for participants to go through exactly one full sleep cycle, approximately how long should they sleep?
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[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
A full sleep cycle includes N1, N2, N3, and REM sleep
The order of sleep stages is generally, N1, N2, N3, N2, REM, then back to N1
It takes approximately 90 minutes to go through an entire cycle.
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[each_answer] => A. 30 minutes
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[each_answer] => B. 60 minutes
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[each_answer] => C. 90 minutes
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[each_answer] => D. 120 minutes
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[quiz_unique_key] => 2377279144
[question] => How might a memory reconsolidation theorist explain the results from Experiment 2?
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[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Reconsolidation theorists do not make evolutionary claims regarding the content of the information to be learned
Reconsolidation theorists support the idea that sufficient sleep helps strengthen and stabilize memories
Reconsolidation is said to occur in the deeper stages of sleep, which can take more than 20 minutes to reach
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A. Reconsolidation only occurs during the lightest stage of sleep, which is similar to light meditation—thus, both groups reconsolidated their memories.
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[each_answer] => B. Because the passage was not related to survival, there was no evolutionary need to reconsolidate the information
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[each_answer] => C. Reconsolidation only occurs during deep sleep stages, which people cannot reach within 20 minutes—thus, neither group reconsolidated their memories.
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[each_answer] => D. Recalling information after only 20 minutes does not require reconsolidation.
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[quiz_unique_key] => 83407773
[question] => Which theory of why people sleep is supported by data from Experiment 1?
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[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Since the participants are all college students, the experimenter is unlikely to be measuring growth.
Recalling more information does not necessarily relate to our brains being able to recuperate.
The theory of memory reconsolidation states that sleep allows our memories to strengthen and stabilize.
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[each_answer] => A. Sleep helps our brains and neural pathways recuperate from the day
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[each_answer] => B. Sleep helps support growth
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[each_answer] => C. Sleep helps memory reconsolidation
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[each_answer] => D. Sleep fosters creative thinking
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