Marriage and family
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Marriage and family
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[post_date] => 2024-12-26 19:31:45
[post_date_gmt] => 2024-12-27 00:31:45
[post_content] => Practice Passage (Question 1-5)
*This passage is the property of Khan Academy and has been reformatted into an AAMC-style interface in their entirety by MedLife Mastery. MedLife Mastery does not endorse and is not an affiliate of Khan Academy.
There are many forms of mate selection, ways of viewing parental responsibility, and ways of tracing descent around the world. Although varying patterns exist for different groups, most societies perceive their own forms of marriage and family and natural occurrences. In an attempt to explain variations in mate selection processes, some social theories propose that a group’s marriage practices match its social values. For example, individual mate selection occurs in a society with strong cultural values of individuality and independence, while arranged marriages more likely exists in societies where parental or traditional authority is more powerful. Another explanation is that a group’s marriage practices match its patterns of social stratification. For example, arranged marriages could affirm caste lines in some societies, while in others, family lines may be less important so marriage more easily transcends social classes.
However, regardless of why marriage occurs, numerous studies have shown that marriage brings health benefits. In particular, the married live longer than the unmarried. Figure 1 below shows the recent results based on the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study, follow-up research on a cohort of 4,802 men and women. The follow-up years in this figure began at age 18.
**Figure 1: Percent chances of survival over years followed-up
So why might marriage have health benefits? Some explanations offered include: spouses may encourage each other to eat healthier, exercise regularly, and in addition, spouses can serve as each other’s social support in times of stress.
Source: Henslin, J. M. (2015). Essentials of sociology: A down-to-earth approach. Pearson.
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[question] => Which of the following is a functionalist perspective on marriage and family?
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[answer] => 4
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Functionalists examine the functions and dysfunctions of the family.
When functionalists examine marriage and family, they examine how they are related to other parts of society or contribute to society.
Functionalists argue that the family fulfills basic needs for the survival of society such as economic production, socialization of children, or reproduction.
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A. Homogamy is the tendency of people with similar characteristics to marry one another.
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[each_answer] => B. Cohabitation (unmarried couples living together) alters the results of the health benefits of traditional marriages.
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[each_answer] => C. Weddings, in some form, are universal and normative in all societies.
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[each_answer] => D. The family fulfills basic needs for the survival of society such as economic production, socialization of children, or reproduction.
)
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[1] => Array
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[quiz_unique_key] => 3873426850
[question] => Inequalities exist in marriage. Some say that there is an unequal distribution of power between spouses due to issues such as salary gaps. Which of the following sociological perspectives does this demonstrate?
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[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Conflict theorists focus on inequality in marriage.
Conflict theory examines the unequal and shifting power between spouses.
This is an example of conflict theory because salary gaps and unequal power between spouses contributes to possible conflict.
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A. Functionalism
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[each_answer] => B. Differential Association
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[2] => Array
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[each_answer] => C. Conflict theory
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[3] => Array
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[each_answer] => D. Strain Theory
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[quiz_unique_key] => 83407773
[question] => A study looks at the contrasting experiences and perspectives of men and women in marriage. Which of the following sociological perspectives would offer appropriate theoretical guidance?
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[answer] => 1
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
This study focuses on the experiences and perceptions of men and women in marriage.
We understand the behavior of husbands and wives by grasping their behavior and beliefs.
Symbolic interactionism examines contrasting experiences and perceptions between men and women in marriage.
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[each_answer] => A. Symbolic interactionism
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[each_answer] => B. Conflict theory
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[each_answer] => C. Social equality perspectives
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[each_answer] => D. Functionalism
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[quiz_unique_key] => 2261298308
[question] => Cohabitation has become more prevalent in recent years and may impact current study results on marriage and health. Researchers want to study the effects of cohabitation on longevity. Which of the following is correct regarding the research design?
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[answer] => 1
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
The study aims to look at how cohabitation affects longevity.
Longevity is the outcome or dependent variable.
Cohabitation is the explanatory or independent variable which “explains” the outcome of longevity.
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[answers] => Array
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A. Cohabitation is the independent variable.
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[each_answer] => B. Cohabitation is the mediating variable.
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[each_answer] => C. Longevity is the mediating variable.
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[each_answer] => D. Longevity is the independent variable.
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[quiz_unique_key] => 574431310
[question] => According to Figure 1, which of the following is NOT correct?
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[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Those who marry and stay married are more likely to survive longer (more health benefits).
Those who are single (unmarried) have a lower probability of survival compared to other groups.
Being single and unmarried is the worst for health and survival, even compared to “ever married”. Therefore the answer “the worst for health and survival is being married at some point but no longer married ” is an incorrect statement according to Figure 1, and is thus the correct answer. (Remember, the question asked “which of the following of the NOT correct?”)
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[each_answer] => A. Marriage’s greatest health benefits (survival) go to those who marry and stay married.
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[each_answer] => B. People who remain single all their lives are mostly likely to die compared to other groups.
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[each_answer] => C. The worst for health and survival is being married at some point but no longer married.
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[each_answer] => D. Those who remain married survive considerably longer than those who remarried.
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[559361|1] => D
[559361|2] => C
[559361|3] => A
[559361|4] => A
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