OCD and hoarding disorder
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OCD and hoarding disorder
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[post_date] => 2024-12-27 08:16:38
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[post_content] => Practice Passage (Question 1-5)
*This passage is the property of Khan Academy and has been reformatted into an AAMC-style interface in their entirety by MedLife Mastery. MedLife Mastery does not endorse and is not an affiliate of Khan Academy.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by frequent, intrusive, and obsessive thoughts that compel individuals to engage in repetitive behaviors in an attempt to relieve their anxiety. Individuals with OCD may recognize that these thought patterns and behaviors are irrational, but cannot stop them from occurring. Symptoms of OCD can become incredibly time-consuming and disruptive for patients, especially when the disorder occurs comorbidly with another mental illness, like hoarding disorder. Hoarding disorder is defined as excessive accumulation of items and is associated with an overwhelming urge to acquire more possessions. Individuals with hoarding disorder experience significant distress when trying to discard their items (even if the item is of no use or has little value), which can result in clutter and damage to their homes.
To better understand characteristics of individuals diagnosed with both OCD and hoarding disorder, 100 outpatients with comorbid diagnoses are interviewed by a group of clinical psychologists. The patients range in age from 35-67 (mean 55.4), and average age of OCD and hoarding onset is 27.3. The mean amount of time spent per day on ritualistic behavior is 6.8 hours, and 78% of the sample is unemployed because their symptoms are so severe. Table 1 outlines the percentage of the sample that endorse specific characteristics related to OCD and hoarding, and includes information about the items collected, as well as thoughts and behaviors.
Table 1:
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[question] => Individuals with clinically significant issues with hoarding often experience recurring disturbing thoughts and fear that harm will come to them if they throw things away, even while recognizing that their fear may be irrational. Which of the following terms best describes this phenomenon?
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[answer] => 4
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
A rumination is a mood-congruent obsessive thought process (e.g., a person is sad and dwells on the circumstances that made them feel sad). Rumination is not typically seen as an abnormal or irrational thought process, even while it may be harmful. Rumination is often associated with mental disorders like depression or anxiety.
A compulsion is a repetitive behavior or action that is performed to decrease anxiety or relieve obsessive thoughts.
A delusion is a false belief that is held even when there is evidence to the contrary. Individuals who experience delusions typically lack the insight described in the question above. Delusions are also qualitatively different from the experience of OCD; instead of fearing contamination or harm from discarding items, individuals who experience delusions may believe that they have special powers or are being persecuted.
Thus, the phenomenon in the question is best described by the term obsession.
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[each_answer] => A. Delusion
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[each_answer] => B. Rumination
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[each_answer] => C. Compulsion
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[each_answer] => D. Obsession
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[1] => Array
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[quiz_unique_key] => 3873426850
[question] => Individuals diagnosed with OCD perform repetitive behaviors or actions to relieve the anxiety caused by their thoughts. Which of the following terms best describes this phenomenon?
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[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Obsessions are irrational, intrusive thoughts that come into a person’s awareness and are unwanted.
A delusion is a false belief that is held even when there is evidence to the contrary.
Addictions are similar to compulsions in that they may relieve stress or anxiety. However, addiction typically refers to the overuse of substances despite significant physical or emotional harm, or engagement in behaviors that are unhealthy.
A compulsion is a repetitive behavior or action that is performed to decrease anxiety or relieve obsessive thoughts.
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[each_answer] => A. Addiction
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[each_answer] => B. Obsession
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[quiz_unique_key] => 83407773
[question] => One theory of OCD states that individuals are genetically predisposed to develop the disorder, but will not experience symptoms until they have been triggered by some environmental factor like trauma. Which of the following best describes this theory of OCD?
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[answer] => 4
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
A sociocultural model would focus on the importance of society and culture in causing OCD and defining how it would be deviant behavior.
The model described combines environmental factors (like trauma) and biological factors (like genetics).
A diathesis stress model focuses on how biological predispositions (like genes or other biological traits) interact with environmental factors to result in disease.
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[each_answer] => A. Environmental model
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[question] => A key diagnostic feature in determining if a person has OCD is their distress, or the extent to which their life and functioning is impaired by their symptoms. Which piece of information from the passage or Table 1 might indicate that an individual’s functioning is severely impaired?
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[answer] => 4
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Individuals can experience some symptoms without experiencing severe impairment.
Impairment means that there is some loss or disturbance in functioning.
Loss of functioning can occur in a variety of settings.
If symptoms are so severe that an individual is unable to work, their functioning is severely impaired.
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[each_answer] => A. Engagement in checking rituals
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[each_answer] => B. Age of onset
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[each_answer] => C. Fears discarding items
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[each_answer] => D. Employment status
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[question] => Which compulsion is experienced by the largest percentage of the sample?
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[answer] => 2
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Intrusive thoughts and irrational fears both represent obsessions.
15% of the sample engages in contamination rituals.
70% of the sample engages in checking rituals; thus, checking rituals are the most commonly experienced compulsion.
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[each_answer] => A. Contamination rituals
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[each_answer] => C. Intrusive thoughts
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[each_answer] => D. Irrational fear
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