Remembering folk tales over time
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- Remembering folk tales over time
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Remembering folk tales over time
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[post_date] => 2024-12-26 11:11:41
[post_date_gmt] => 2024-12-26 16:11:41
[post_content] => Practice Passage (Question 1-5)
*This passage is the property of Khan Academy and has been reformatted into an AAMC-style interface in their entirety by MedLife Mastery. MedLife Mastery does not endorse and is not an affiliate of Khan Academy.
A psychologist asks individuals from England to read a brief Native American tale about a young man who joined a group of men fighting in a battle, only to discover that the battle was between ghosts. After participants read the story twice, the psychologist asks them to write down everything they remembered about the story. He follows up with the participants over the next five years, asking them one time each year to write down as much as they remembered from the story. Each time they wrote down their stories, he rated their accuracy on a scale of 1 to 100, with a rating of 100 indicating complete accuracy, and a rating of 1 indicating no accuracy. Table 1 outlines the average accuracy scores from participants at each timepoint.
When he examines the data further, he finds that the participants’ memory of the story changed over time in predictable ways—for example, people tended to change or forget many details within the first year, but then the story remained about the same. In addition, certain elements of the story transformed into details that were more familiar to his English sample. The psychologist concluded that people try to fit new information into schemas, or familiar frameworks of knowledge, in order to help them remember the new information.
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[question] => Based on the information above, what can you conclude about how people encode information into schemas?
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[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
The passage does not suggest any information about the initial development of schemas.
The passage mentions that certain details from the Native American story were transformed into more familiar Western examples.
Because people transform unfamiliar examples into familiar ones, it is likely that they are modifying their memory to more easily fit into an existing schema.
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[answers] => Array
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A. When information doesn’t fit into an existing schema, time and experience will not significantly affect memory accuracy.
)
[1] => Array
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[each_answer] => B. When information fits into existing schemas, memory accuracy is improved.
)
[2] => Array
(
[each_answer] => C. When information doesn’t fit into an existing schema, people are likely to modify the information so that it does fit.
)
[3] => Array
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[each_answer] => D. When information doesn’t fit into an existing schema, people are likely to exclude that information from their memory.
)
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[1] => Array
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[quiz_unique_key] => 3873426850
[question] => If forgetting occurs according to normal patterns, what would the rate of forgetting look like in this study?
[value] => Array
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[answer] => 4
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Forgetting does not normally occur at a steady rate.
Even when details are recalled initially, they may be forgotten later.
Forgetting tends to occur rapidly at first, then levels off over time.
)
[answers] => Array
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[0] => Array
(
[each_answer] => A. Anything recalled immediately would be consistently recalled at later tests.
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[1] => Array
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[each_answer] => B. Slow forgetting at first, then accelerating over time.
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[each_answer] => C. Steady forgetting over the years.
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[3] => Array
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[each_answer] => D. Rapid forgetting at first, then leveling off over time.
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[quiz_unique_key] => 2261298308
[question] => What type of memory did the psychologist test?
[value] => Array
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[answer] => 4
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
Topographic memory is the ability to recognize places or to orient oneself to a particular space.
Episodic memory is memory of an autobiographical event.
Episodic memory is memory of an autobiographical event.
Semantic memory is memory of facts or events.
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[answers] => Array
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A. Episodic memory
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[each_answer] => B. Topographic memory
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[each_answer] => C. Procedural memory
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[3] => Array
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[each_answer] => D. Semantic memory
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[quiz_unique_key] => 2377279144
[question] => Which of the following brain structures has a primary role in memory consolidation?
[value] => Array
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[answer] => 4
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
The cerebellum is associated with procedural memories.
The basal ganglia is also associated with procedural memories.
The hippocampus is most likely to be associated with memory consolidation.
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[0] => Array
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[each_answer] => A. Cerebellum
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[1] => Array
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[each_answer] => B. Parietal lobe
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[each_answer] => C. Basal ganglia
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[each_answer] => D. Hippocampus
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[quiz_unique_key] => 83407773
[question] => Which of the following accurately describes the study’s design?
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[answer] => 3
[description] => Reason for the Correct Answer:
A meta-analysis describes a study that analyzes a group of experiments to determine an overall effect.
A retrospective cohort study follows a group of individuals as they reflect on events in their past.
A longitudinal study follows a group of individuals over a specific period of time. In this study, the group of participants responded multiple times over a five year period – this is a longitudinal study.
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[each_answer] => A. Retrospective cohort study
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[each_answer] => B. Cross-sectional study
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[each_answer] => C. Longitudinal study
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[each_answer] => D. Meta-analysis study
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[559097|3] => D
[559097|4] => D
[559097|5] => C
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