MCAT Mnemonics Practice Dashboard

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MCAT Chemistry/Physics Mnemonics

general chemistry

"Dirt Over Pee"

MM of a gas is what a dog does outdoors.

"Dirt over pee" or MM=dRT/P

(D=density, R=ideal gas constant, T=temp, P=pressure)

"LEO the lion, goes GER"

Oxidation & Reduction

LEO the lion, goes GER
Loss of Electrons ⇒ Oxidation
Gain of Electrons ⇒ Reduction

" Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas"

Types of White Blood Cells

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas (from most abundant to least abundant)

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

"Delicious Grapefruit - Not For Everyone"

DG° = -nFE°

"We minus Arty (is) enough, thank you."

Nernst Equation:

E = E° - (RT/nF)lnQ

HONC

Bonding:

H requires 1 more electron in its outer shell to become stable.
O requires 2.
N requires 3.
C requires 4.

Cathode/Anode Memory Trick

Reduction occurs at the Cathode; Oxidation at the Anode.

Remember that the terms beginning with consonants (R & C) are together, and those beginning with vowels (O & A) are together.

"Good Honey Tastes Sweet"

Gibb's Free Energy:

DG = DH - TDS

"HK + AHA"

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

or "Hong Kong + American Hospital Association"

pH = pKa + log10(A-/HA)

"National Library (of) Medicine Sizzles"

Quantum Numbers:

n, l, m, s

"VG PHEST" (Very Good Festival)

The following are all state functions:

V for volume
G for Gibb's free energy
P for pressure
H for enthalpy
E for internal energy S for entropy
T for temperature

"CA+ION."

Cation:

The "t" in cation looks like a plus sign: "ca+ion"

"MIT enough"

Moles deposited at an electrode = It/nF

"Gee! Plus Arty! Thank you!"

DG = DG°+ RTlnQ

"FON"

Anomeric Carbons

Hydrogen Bonding: Hold the F-O-N
Hydrogen + (bonded to) Fluoride, Oxygen, and Nitrogen = Protic solvent.

Bonding:

BARF – break (a bond), Absorb (energy), Release (energy),, Form (a bond) SNAP - Symmetrical (molecule)

Nonpolar Asymmetrical (molecule) Polar TICS -Transfer Ionic, Covalent Share

I Can’t Handle Dirty Vans - (Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen, Dipole, Van der Waals – strength of bonds and intermolecular forces from strong to weak)

"Sensual People Do Foreplay"

s, p, d, f.

Then it follows the alphabet: g, h, i, j, k, etc.

Chemistry

"Sober Physicists Don't Find Giraffes Hiding In Kitchens"

Sequence of orbitals

s
p
d
f
g
h
i
k

Hi, Here Little Beatniks Brandish Countless Number Of Flick kNives Nagging Meg Always Sighs, "Please Stop Clowning Around.”

Periodic table – Periods 1-3 Hydrogen

Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Na (Sodium)
Magnesium
Aluminum
Silicon
Phosphorous
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon

"Kind Cats Scare Tiny Vicious Creatures, Maintaining Feline Connections Nice, Cute & Zen. Gallium Germinates As Selene Brings Krypton"

Periodic table – Period 4

K (Potassium)
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Fe (Iron)
Cobalt
Nickel
Cu (Copper)
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton

Ruby, Sir Yells "Zircon Nebulas!". Most Technicians Rule Rhodes and Paddle Against Cadence". India Sent Sebastian to Tell "Io Xe.”

Periodic table – Period 5

Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver (Ag)
Cadmium
Indium
Tin (Sn)
Antimony (Sb)
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon

"He Needs A Kite, Xylophone and a Radio"

Noble gases

Helium
Neon
Argon
Krypton
Xenon
Radon

"Scary Tiny Vicious Creatures are Mean; Felix Comes with Nilo to Club Zen"

First transition metals

Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron (Fe)
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper (Cu)
Zinc

"Yes S(Z)ir Nob, Most Technicians Rub Rhod's Pale Silver Cadillac"

Second transition metals

Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver (Ag)
Cadmium

"Late Harry Took Walk Reached Office In Pajamas After an Hour"

Third transition metals

Lanthanum
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten (W)
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold (Au)
Mercury (Hg)

"Ace Thor Protects Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Amy Cured Berkeley, California. Einstein and Fermi Made Noble Laws."

Actinides

Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium

"Lately Central Park Needed Primroses. Small Entire Golden Tassels Dyeing the Hollow Earth, Tempting Your Love"

Lanthanides

Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium

"Little Naughty Kids Ruin Bill’s Convenient Store Forever"

Alkali metals

Lithium
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Rubidium
Cesium
Francium

"Bearded Muggers Came Straight Back Rapidly."

Alkaline earth metals

Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Radium

"Old Susan Sells Telephones, Polaroids, and Lamps."

Chalcogens

Oxygen
Sulfur
Selenium
Tellurium
Polonium
Livermorium

"Funny Clyde Brings Ink At Tennis. "

Halogens

Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Astatine
Tennessine

"Only Skillful Athletes In College Sneak Past Midnight"

Properties of elements according to:
Abundance of elements on the crust of the earth

Oxygen(O) > Silicon(Si) > Aluminum(Al) > Iron(Fe) > Calcium(Ca) > Sodium (Na) > Potassium(K) > Magnesium (Mg)

*The remainder just contributes 1%.

"Please Stop Calling Me A Carless Zebra Crab Instead Try Learning How Copper Miners Save Gold Pit"

Activity series of metals

Potassium > Sodium > Calcium > Magnesium > Aluminum> (Carbon)* > Zinc > Chromium > Iron> Tin > Lead > (Hydrogen)* > Copper > Mercury > Silver > Gold > Platinum

*Note: Hydrogen and Carbon are non-metals used as a baseline.

"Horses Need Oats For Clear Brown Eyes (Is)"

Diatomic molecules

Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine

"Monkeys Eat Peeled Bananas"

Prefixes for naming carbon chains

1 Meth
2 Eth
3 Prop
4 But

"Oh My Papa"

Aromatic substituent prefixes

Ortho
Meta
Para

"Flowers Are Perfect, Beautiful, Visual, and Cute."

Carboxylic acids

Formic
Acetic
Propionic
Butyric
Valeric
Caproic

physics

"Lots of WORK makes me MAD"

Formula for work

Work = Mass * Acceleration * Distance

"Pure Vodka Needs Red Tabasco"

Ideal Gas law

PV = nRT

"Good Honey Tastes Sweet"

Gibbs's free energy formula

Δ G = Δ H – T Δ S

"Vampires Aren’t Real"

Ohm’s law

Volts = Amps x Resistance

"Rich People Love Automobiles"

Relation between resistivity and resistance

Resistance = ρ (Length/Area)

"Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain"

Order of rainbow colors

Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet

"We guarantee certainty, clearly referring to this light mnemonic."

Represented by the number of letters in each word in the sentence:

“We guarantee certainty, clearly referring to this light mnemonic.”

Speed of light
299,792,458 meters per second

"ELI the ICE man"

Capacitive and inductive circuits

The EMF (E) for an inductive (L) circuit is greater than the current (I)

While the current (I) for a capacitive circuit (C) is greater than the EMF (E).

"Ronald Mcdonald Invented Very Unusual & eXcellent Gherkins"

Electromagnetic Spectrum (in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength)

Ronald Mcdonald Invented Very Unusual & eXcellent Gherkins

OR

Ronald Mcdonald Is Visiting Ur X-Girlfriend (with increasing frequency)

Radio
Micro
Infrared
Visible spectrum
Ultra-violet
X-rays
Gamma

VISIBLE LIGHT (in order of increasing frequency): ROYGBIV
Violet is violent therefore it contains a lot of energy and has the longest frequency.

"Great Xylophones Use Very Interesting Musical Rhythms"

Order of increasing wavelength

Gamma Rays
X-Rays
Ultraviolet
Visible light
Infrared
Microwaves
Radio waves

"Kings Hate Dragons Because Dragons Can’t Make Money"

Prefixes of the metric system

Kilo
Hector
Deca
Base
Deci
Centi
Milli
Micro

"Pete Really Hate Eggs, Donuts and Cold Coffee"

Steps in the scientific method

Problem
Research
Hypothesis
Experiment/data
Analyze
Conclusion
Communicate

"The Silly Man Tackles the Elephant"

Levels of the atmosphere

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere

"Better Be Ready Or Your Great Big Venture Goes West"

Resistor color code

Black (0)
Brown (1)
Red (2)
Orange (3)
Yellow (4)
Green (5)
Blue (6)
Violet/purple (7)
Gray (8)
White (9)

"If I Do I Die"

Relationship between object and image distance, and focal length, from a lens or mirror

1/f = 1/do + 1/di
Focal length
Distance of object
Image distance

"Quintessential Curriculum Vitae"

Capacitors-Charge

Quintessential Curriculum Vitae
Q=CV

or

Q = VC (like….QVC, the shopping channel)

OR
Quite Curvy and Voluptuous

"England Hails Queen Victoria"

Capacitors-Energy

England Hails Queen Victoria
E= 1/2QV

Vision (Myopia & Hyperopia)

Vision (Myopia & Hyperopia)

Myopia ⇒ NEARsighted vision.
- a person with myopia would say: Come near me, so I can see you.
-come NEAR MY OPIum!

Hyperopia ⇒ FARsighted vision
- since hyper means above or beyond you know they can only see above and beyond normal distance.

"Fast Quality Vitalizes Business"

Force on a Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field:
if direction is perp. To magnetic field

Fast Quality Vitalizes Business
F=QvB

Newtons= C x m/s x T

D DUV

Optics

ConcaveD = think “D- for diverging”. Can’t add D to Convex. ConvexD isn’t a word!”
Convex= think that the bottom of the lense makes a “V” as in conVex.

D DUV
Diverging mirrors and lense the image is always
Diminished
Upright
Virtual

organic chemistry

"HAL"

Basic Amino Acids:

Histidine
Arginine
Lysine

(Thanks to ExamKrackers)

"SE PI" (or "SEe PIe")

Secondary amine ? Enamine
Primary amine ? Imine

(Note: tertiary and quaternary amines do not react with the C=0 group.)

Cis/trans (Geometric) Isomers

"MeSo compounds have a Mirror of Symmetry"

Thus, even though they may have stereogenic centers, they are achiral and so do not have enantiomers.

"SEA MOuRNS CANned PEAs"

Substitution Electrophilic - Aromatic
Most Other Reactions - Nucleophilic Substitution

Carbonyl - Addition Nucleophilic
Pi bonds - Electrophilic Addition

Mesoderm = "meanstoderm"

Anything that it takes to do something or go somewhere.

Bladder (gotta GO pee), musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system (running and moving), tendons etc (to pull against), etc

"I Saw Leucy Methodocially Probe and Pheel Alan then Val Trypped on the Glycine"

Nonpolar (hydrophobic) Amino Acids:

I saw (ISO) LEUcy METHodically PRObe and PHEel ALAN and then VAL TRYPped on the GLYCINE

(Isoleucine, Leucine, Methionine, Proline, Phenylalanine, Alanine, Valine, Tryptophan, Glycine)

"Z: Zame Zide E: Epposite"

Z for same side and E for opposite sides

"Queen Elizabeth Second's Navy Commands, Controls, Communicates"

Q Quaternary amino -NR3+
E Ester -COOR
S Sulfonic acid -SO3H
N Nitro -NO2
C Carbonyl -CHO
C Carboxyl -COOH
C Cyano -CN
Ortho- and Para- Directing Groups on a Benezene Ring

"Essay"

Elastic modulus = stress / strain i.e. "es" / "ai" or "essay"

Hormone Actions

INsuline = glucose go INto the cell.

GlucaGON = glucose GONE from the cell.

CalciTONin TONES down calcium concentrations in the blood.

"Conformations"

Gauche conformation:

It's "gauche" (inappropriate) for one methyl group to stand too close to another group.

Cyclohexane ring: When you have low energy, you sit down in a "CHAIR" to rest.

"BOATS" can be tippy, so they are less stable.

"AHA AHA P"

A Alkyl -R
H Halogen -X A Alkoxyl -OR

A Amino -NH2, -NHR, -NR2 (not -NR3+) H Hydroxyl -OH
A Amide -NHCOR

P Phenyl -C6H5

Cells

Galvanic cells ARE electrolytic cells (synonyms) and the anode is negative in the other cell type (non electrolytic)

Cathode and Reduce both have "C" in them (So anodes ALWAYS oxidize).

Oil Rig (oxidation is loss [of electrons], Reduction is Gain)

Another way to remember this same thing is to look at the CHARGE above the atom.

Ag (in ground state, the CHARGE is 0) --> Ag+ (this has been OXIDIZED) since the number above Ag has increased.

Cu3+ --> Cu2+ (this has been REDUCED since the number above it is REDUCED [went down]

Cl --> Cl- (this is also REDUCED [went from 0 --> -1]

If you remember this, you don't need to remember OIL RIG or LEO says GER

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

E lectrolytic (galvanic)
P ositive
A node

MCAT Biology/Biochemistry Mnemonics

bIOLOGY

FLAT PEG

Hormones Produced & Secreted by the Anterior Pituitary
FLAT PEG
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Prolactin
Endorphins
Growth Hormone

*Note: FLAT refers to tropic hormones while PEG refers to direct acting hormones.

OR

“FLAT PiG lived in the ANT PIT (anterior pituitary)”
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

Prolactin
i
GH

OR

FLAT PEGgy is a Direct woman who lived in the ANT PIT.

PEG = direct hormones; the others all are tropic hormones.

OR

FLAT trop (ical) beach and pegs go directly into a board ( FLAT = tropic hormones)

OIL RIG

Oxidation & Reduction

OIL RIG

Oxidation is Loss
Reduction is Gain

**Reducing is reducing the oxidation number, making it more negative

SNOW DROP

Blotting Techniques

S - Southern blot D - DNA (via DNA probe)
N - Northern blot R - RNA (via DNA probe)
O - omit O - omit
W - Western blot P - protein (via antibody probe)

D - DNA (via DNA probe)

R - RNA (via DNA probe)

O - omit
P - protein (via antibody probe)

SAME DAVE

Spinal Cord Nerve Origins

Sensory Neurons are afferent & on the dorsal side, while Motor Neurons are efferent & on the ventral side.
SAME DAVE:

Sensory
Afferent
Motor
Efferent

Dorsal
Afferent
Ventral
Efferent

"Maggie Mae Does Not Smoke"

Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium are caused by:
Maggie Mae Does Not Smoke

Mutations
Migration
Drift (genetic drift)
Non-random mating
Selection

"Go Sally Go Make Children"

The Cell Cycle

Growth Phase 1
DNA Synthesis
Growth Phase 2
Mitosis
Cytokinesi

"People Meet Ant Talk"

Mitosis = PMAT

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

PRImary oocyte arrests in PROphase I
And SECondary oocyte arrest in METaphase II
So, PRI PRO SEC MET
think of it like a chant

"Do Not Pinch People"

Chordate Features

CHORey!- Do Not Pinch People
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Notochord
Pharyngeal slits
Postanal tail

"Must Be Good"

Stages in Embryonic Development

Must Be Good
Morula
Blastula
Gastrula

OR
Developing Embryos (babies) Must Be Good

A D E K

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins A
D
E
K

"Garlic Cloves Smell Exquisite"

Enzymes/Hormones of the Small Intestine

SLAM DECS
Sucrase
Lactase
Aminopeptidase
Maltase
Dipeptidase
Enterokinase
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Secretin

OR

Garlic Cloves Smell Exquisite
Gastrin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Secretin
Enterogastrone (aka gastric inhib peptide)

OR

“i C Damsels in distress” (because their hormones make them poop!).

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Dipeptidase
Aminopeptidase
Maltase
Sucrase
Enterokinase
Lactase
Secretin

STENNG

Hormones that Increase Blood Glucose

Somatotropin
Thyroid Hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine)
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Glucagon
Glucocorticosteroids

MADGE

Immunoglobulins

IgM
IgA
IgD
IgG
IgE

"My Poor Friend Picks Apples"

Kingdoms

Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plants
Animals

SEVeN UP

Male Reproductive Track

Seminiferous Tubules
Epididymis
Vas Deferens
(Nothing)
Urethra
Penis

"Feeling Old Lately"

Menstrual Cycle

Follicular Phase
Ovulatory Phase
Luteal Phase

CUT the PY (pie)

Pyrimidines

Cytosine
Uracil and
Thiamine are
PYramidines

GAPur

Purines

Guanine and
Adenine are
Purines

"All Tigers Can Growl"

Relationship Between Purines and Pyrimidines

Adenine bonds to
Thymine;
Cytosine bonds to
Guanine

"Eat Tender Chicken Chunks Elegantly"

Proteases in the Duodenum

Enterokinase
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Elastase

ZIAH

Striated Muscle

Z-line
I-band
A-band
H-zone

"Nobody Likes My Educational Background"

White Blood Cells

(In order of decreasing numbers)

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

biochemistry

"Good Aunt Lisa Idolizes My Very Perfect and Terrific Parents"

Non-polar amino acids

Glycine (G)
Alanine (Ala)
Leucine (Leu)
Isoleucine (Ile)
Methionine (Met)
Valine (Val)
Proline (Pro)
Tryptophan (Trp)
Phenylalanine (Phe)

"Grandma Says Take Care Always"

Polar uncharged amino acids

Glutamine (Gln)
Serine (Ser)
Threonine (Thr)
Cysteine (Cys)
Asparagine (Asn)

"Eccentric Ralph Helps Kill Dragons"

Electric amino acids

Glutamic acid (Glu, E)
Aspartic acid (Asp, D)
Lysine (Lys, K)
Arginine (Arg, R)
Histidine (His, H)

"Harry Looks Amazing"

Positive amino acids

Histidine
Lysine
Arginine

"Three Tall Policemen"

Aromatic amino acids

Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Phenylalanine

V – F A I L

Hydrophobic alkyl side chains

Valine
Phenylalanine (the one-letter abbreviation is F, not P)
Alanine
Isoleucine
Leucine

"Can I Keep Sending Sweets For Mother, Officer?"

Molecules in the TCA cycle

Citrate
I
Ketoglutarate
Succinyl
Succinate
Fumarate
Malate
Oxaloacetate

"Collared Central Intelligence Agent Spoke Slander For Money"

Enzymes in the TCA cycle

Citrate synthase
Cis-aconitase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
A-α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Succinyl CoA synthetase
Succinate dehydrogenase
Fumarase
Malate dehydrogenase

"3 New Good Friends
Good Samaritan Saves
Feel Safe and Fly"

TCA cycle products

Net of 3 NADH, 1 GTP, 1 FADH2
GTP produced in between Succinyl-CoA & Succinate
FADH2 produced in between Succinate & Fumarate

"Good God Father Frank Did Go Buy Pricey Pumpkin Pies"

Molecules in glycolysis

Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
DHAP
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
B-1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
P-3-phosphoglycerate
P-2-phosphoglycerate, PEP
Pyruvate

"Harry Gladly Plays Paintball with Ken"

Enzymes in irreversible steps

Hexokinase
Glucokinase
PFK-1
Pyruvate
Kinase

G A G A goes L A H

Hydrophilic AAs

Glutamate
Aspartate
Glutamine (the one-letter abbreviation is Q, not G)
Asparagine (the one-letter abbreviation is N, not A)
Lysine (abbreviation is K)
Arginine (R)
Histidine

U Are Annoying
U Go Away
U Are Gone

Three stop codons

UAA
UGA
UAG

SNOW DROP

Southern blot = DNA
Northern blot = RNA
O O
Western blot = Proteins

MCAT Psychology/Sociology Mnemonics

psychology

"OAPLG"

Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development
Owls Always Play Late Games

OR

Oral Butt (Anal) PLuG
Oral stage
Anal stage
Phallic stage
Latency stage
Genital stage

Freud Ages

(odd numbers only!)
1-3-5-Puberty-Adult

"Some People Can Fly"

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete Operations

Formal Operations

"Trust Me, Auto Shop In Georgia Is Inferior and Incapable. It Is Generally Stagnant and Insultingly Disappointing"

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Development

Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Integrity vs. Despair

"Death Always Brings Definite Acceptance"

Kubler-Ross stages of grief

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

"People Need Proper Care"

Types of reinforcement

Positive
Negative
Primary
Conditional

"Peter Hates Traveling So Bad"

Theories of personality

Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Trait
Social/Cognitive
Behaviorism

"Crayons Make Shapes"

Three components of parallel processing

Color

Motion

Shapes

ABC's of Attitude

Three components of attitude

A-Affective (component)- Think affectionate = I LOVE oatmeal; emotional
B- Behavioral (component) - Think behaves or acts
C- Cognitive (component) - Think cognition or thinking

“All Prejudice Boys Do Crazy Shit”
Affective = Prejudice
Behavioral = Discrimination
Cognitive = Stereotype

A & P (Anatomy and Physio) aka Affective & Prejudice = overall attitude and emotional response
B & D- Bachelor's Degree aka discrimination & behavioral
C & S- Cognitive Science/Computer Science aka cognitive and stereotype

O C E A N

*It can also be C A N O E, depending on your preference.

Five elements of personality

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

"Special Relationship Partner"

Three most important features of attraction

Similarity

Reciprocity

Proximity

"Dad and Brother Protect and Save"

Most common mental and psychiatric disorders

Depression

Anxiety

Bipolar Disorder

Phobia

Autism

Schizophrenia

"Can All Individuals Go Everywhere Without Shoes?"

Symptoms of major depressive disorder

Loss of:

Concentration

Appetite

Interest

Guilt

Energy

Will to leave

Sleep

C A R

Components of self-determination theory

Competence

Autonomy

Relatedness

"Does Anyone Need Ice?"

Four primary factors for motivation

Drives

Arousal

Needs

Instincts

"Alice Reads Everyday"

Components of general adaptation syndrome

Alarm

Resistance

Exhaustion

"Bill and Jill Need Apples"

Four cores of ethical tenets

Beneficence

Justice

Nonmaleficence

Autonomy

"Bruce Arrives on Time Daily"

Sequential order of brain waves

Beta

Alpha

Theta

Delta

"Anyone Caught Bringing Candies and Nuts in Containers From Poland and Peru Can be Punished Very Certainly"

Seven regions of the brain

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Broca's Area

Caudate Nucleus

Cerebellum

Frontal Pole

Prefrontal Cortex

Primary Visual Cortex

R A P

Functions of meninges

Reabsorb CSF

Anchor brain

Protect brain

P A D

Layers of meninges

Pia mater

Arachnoid space

Dura mater

"Cute Puppies Love Throw and catch"

Four primary stimuli

Chemical

Pressure

Light

Temperature

"BATs in KaveSS DD-REaM"

EEG Stages of Sleep: BATs in KaveSS DD-REaM.

B = Beta - awake
A = Alpha- awake but tired
Stage 1 = Theta - asleep
Stage 2 = K-complexes and Sleep Spindles
Stage 3 = Delta
Stage 4 = Delta
REM = dreams

BATS Drink Blood - beta (awake) alpha (drowsy) theta (stage 1) sleep spindles/k complexes (stage 2) delta (stage 3/4) beta (back awake). Of course you could replace the blood b with REM cause it contains beta, alpha, and other random waves.

"Aunt Susan Doesn’t Enjoy Feeding Snakes"

Universal emotions

Anger

Surprise

Disgust

Enjoyment

Fear

Sadness

N E E D

Types of stressors

Nutritional

Environmental

Emotional

Dental

"Put All The Rubbish in the Bin"

Physiological markers of emotions

Changes in:
Pulse
Adrenaline
Temperature
Respiration rate
Blood pressure

sociology

"Rare Gems Plus Rocks Are Special Collections"

Different types of identities

Race/Ethnicity
Gender
Politics
Religion
Age
Sexual Orientation
Class

"Always Eat Strawberries And Spinach"

Social facilitation theoretical approaches

Activation Theory
Evaluation Approach
Social Interaction Theory
Attention Approach
Self-Presentation Approach

"Don’t Imitate People Promoting Stupidity"

Types of social norms

Descriptive
Injunctive
Prescriptive
Proscriptive
Subjective

"Find People Somewhere Who Read Good Magazines"

Agents of socialization

Family
Peers
School
Workplace
Religion
Government
Mass Media

"Vince And Eddie Need Sugar, Spices, and Leaves."

Elements of culture

Values
Artifacts
Economy
Norms
Symbols
Society
Language

"Every Individual Has Talent and Full Potential"

Factors of globalization

Economy
Industrial Organization
Historical
Technology
Financial
Politics

"We Insanely Drove For Hours"

Characteristics of an ideal bureaucracy

Well-trained Employees
Impartiality
Division of Labor
Formalized Rules
Hierarchy of Organization

"Bill Goes Practicing Football Everyday"

Types of non-verbal communication

Body Language
Gestures
Posture
Facial Expressions
Eye Contact

Did we miss any mnemonics? Please add them in the comments section below to help your fellow future doctors!

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